2,8-Dihydroxyadenine nephrolithiasis with chronic kidney disease in children: A case report and review of literature.

The incidence of nephrolithiasis in children ranges from 5 to 10% in developing countries. Etiology of nephrolithiasis in children remains largely unknown, so metabolic evaluation is indicated in all case, because of potential morbidity and recurrence. We report a case of 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine nephrolithiasis present as bilateral staghorn stone in 11 years old boy with chronic kidney disease. 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine nephrolithiasis is the result of a metabolic abnormality due to the deficiency of the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), it is not only promote stone formation, but also induced nephropathy. Early diagnosis ensure appropriate treatment and favorable prognosis for kidney function and stone management.

Correlation between Motorcycle Riding and Erectile Dysfunction on Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers.

OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction is a condition in which the patient is unable to achieve or maintain a sufficient erection for sexual intercourse. Transportation usage was believed to have a higher risk of erectile dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the correlation between activity and severity of erectile dysfunction among online motorcycle taxi drivers who use motorbikes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research uses an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach with primary data collection from the respondents who work as online motorcycle drivers from January 2021 to March 2021. Data analyses were conducted using Mann-Whitney and Spearman statistical test. RESULTS: A total of 149 respondents met the inclusion and exclusion criteria contained in this study. It was found that the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in this study was 57.7%. There was a significant difference in the distance covered (km) by online motorcycle taxi drivers who experienced erectile dysfunction compared to those who did not have erectile dysfunction (P=.050). In addition, there was a significant difference in length of work (year) among online motorcycle taxi drivers who experienced erectile dysfunction (P=.045). CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in erectile dysfunction incidence based on the distance covered per day and length of work in online motorcycle taxi driver. No significant difference was found in the incidence of erectile dysfunction based on the length of motorbike drive per day. The more distance covered (km) and length of work (year) and the more severe the erectile dysfunction are based on international index of erectile function-5 score.

Case Report: Iatrogenic trauma of the bladder due to long-term unidentified intrauterine device malposition inside the bladder with rectovesical fistula.

According to reports, there are 1.9-3.6 incidences of IUD migration and uterine perforation for every 1000 IUD insertions. It is important to note that bladder perforation caused by a misplaced IUD is uncommon and is thought to happen most frequently during insertion. Here, we describe a patient who presented with symptoms related to the malposition of IUD inside the bladder. It is feasible to draw the conclusion that the cystoscopy technique should be taken into consideration as a suitable therapy option for such injuries in this organ. When a problem cannot be effectively treated by cystoscopy alone, laparotomy should be considered.

Urinary Cytochrome C and Caspase-3 as Novel Biomarker of Renal Function Impairment in Unilateral Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Model of Wistar Rats.

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged obstruction in UPJO would lead to kidney destruction. It is important to find a non-invasive biomarker for early detection of renal impairment before definitive treatment for UPJO. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of urinary cytochrome c and caspase-3 as a novel biomarker to predict renal function impairment in a UPJO model in Wistar rats. METHODS: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups. Group I consists of 5 rats without any treatment or model, group II consists of 5 rats (sham group), and group III consists of 15 rats with the unilateral partial ureteral obstruction model. After 4, 15, and 21 days of observation, the urine was collected and rats were sacrificed to collect the glomerular count in the kidney. Measurement of cytochrome c and caspase-3 was done using the ELISA method, while the glomerular count was done using a light microscope. Data were analyzed using factorial repeated measures ANOVA test and correlation test with Pearson and processed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: The UPJO group has a significant increase in cytochrome c concentration and caspase-3 concentration compared to the control group and sham group (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in the normal glomerulus count of the UPJO group (p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the decrease in glomerulus count with the concentration of cytochrome c and caspase-3 in the UPJO group. CONCLUSION: There was a significant relationship between the decrease in glomerulus count with the increase in the concentration of cytochrome c and caspase-3 in the UPJO group.